We study the role of collaboration networks for placing PhD students in the U.S. We observe a sizable citation premium for graduates placed through the advisor’s network. However, when comparing graduates hired at the same university, the productivity premium is fully explained by public information on the productivity at the time of graduation.

We review the empirical testing of privacy in machine learning. We discuss whether and how these tests could be used when evaluating generative algorithms for deployment at statistical agencies and in the health care system.

We study a reform that eased cross-border commuting from France to the high-wage Swiss labor market. The results show that if labour supply is elastic enough, the local labour market can expand and absorb additional competition for workers.